Uhlalutyo lweshishini loomatshini bokutya eTshayina

1. Ukudibanisa neempawu zoyilo lwengingqi, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oludibeneyo ngokubanzi

I-China inezixhobo ezininzi kunye nomahluko omkhulu wengingqi kwiimeko zendalo, zejografi, zezolimo, zoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ukwahlulwa kwezolimo ngokubanzi kunye nokwahlulahlula ngokwemixholo kuye kwaqulunqwa kwezolimo. Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zolimo kukwabeke phambili amacandelo esizwe, ephondo (isixeko, ummandla ozimeleyo) kunye namacandelo angaphezu kwe-1000 eengingqi. Ukuze kufundwe icebo lophuhliso loomatshini bokutya kunye nokupakisha ngokuhambelana neemeko zesizwe sase-China, kuyimfuneko ukufunda umahluko wengingqi ochaphazela inani kunye nophuhliso lweentlobo ngeentlobo zoomatshini bokutya, kunye nokufunda nokwenza ulwahlulo loomatshini bokutya. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani, eMntla China nakwiindawo ezisezantsi zoMlambo iYangtze, ngaphandle kweswekile, okunye ukutya kunokudluliselwa ngaphandle; ngokuchaseneyo, eMzantsi China, ngaphandle kweswekile, okunye ukutya kufuneka kungeniswe kwaye kufakwe efrijini, kwaye iindawo zokwalusa zifuna izixhobo zoomatshini ezifana nokuxhela, ukuthutha, ukukhenkceza kunye nokucheba. Indlela yokuchaza ngokungenamkhethe indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elide loomatshini bokutya kunye nokupakisha, ukuqikelela ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwemfuno, kunye nokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ulwakhiwo lwamashishini okuvelisa ukutya kunye noomatshini bokutya sisihloko sobuchwephesha noqoqosho esifanelekileyo ukufundwa nzulu. Uphando ngecandelo loomatshini bokutya, inkqubo kunye nokulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo ngumsebenzi wobugcisa osisiseko wophando.

2. Ukwazisa ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuphucula amandla ophuhliso oluzimeleyo

Ukugaywa kunye nokufunxwa kwetekhnoloji engenisiweyo kufuneka kusekelwe ekuphuculeni amandla ophuhliso oluzimeleyo kunye nokuvelisa. Sifanele sifunde kumava kunye nezifundo esizifundileyo kumsebenzi wokufunxwa kunye nokugaya iiteknoloji ezingenisiweyo ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Kwixesha elizayo, iiteknoloji ezingenisiweyo kufuneka zidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo neemfuno zemarike kunye nomkhwa wophuhliso lweetekhnoloji zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokungeniswa kwetekhnoloji entsha njengeyona nto iphambili kunye neetekhnoloji zoyilo kunye nokuvelisa njengesongezelelo. Ukungeniswa kwetekhnoloji kufuneka kudityaniswe nophando lobuchwephesha kunye nophando lovavanyo, kwaye kufuneka kwabelwe imali eyaneleyo yokugaya kunye nokufunxwa. Ngophando lobuchwephesha kunye nophando lovavanyo, kufuneka sibe nobuchule obuphezulu betekhnoloji yangaphandle kunye neengcinga zoyilo, iindlela zoyilo, iindlela zovavanyo, idatha ephambili yoyilo, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa kunye nolunye ulwazi lobuchwephesha, kwaye kancinci kancinci sakhe amandla ophuhliso oluzimeleyo kunye nophuculo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha.

3. Misela iziko lovavanyo, uqinise uphando olusisiseko nolusetyenziswayo

Uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokutya nokupakisha kumazwe aphuhlileyo kwezoshishino lusekelwe kuphando olunzulu lovavanyo. Ukuze sifezekise injongo yophuhliso lweshishini ngo-2010 kwaye sibeke isiseko sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo, kufuneka sigxininise ukwakhiwa kweziseko zovavanyo. Ngenxa yezizathu zembali, amandla ophando kunye neendlela zovavanyo zale shishini azibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye zisasazekile, kodwa azisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Sifanele sihlele amandla ophando olukhoyo ngophando, ulungiselelo kunye nolungelelaniso, kwaye senze ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo lwabasebenzi.

4. Ukusebenzisa imali yangaphandle ngesibindi kunye nokukhawulezisa isantya sotshintsho kumashishini

Ngenxa yokuqalisa kade, isiseko esibi, ukuqokelelwa okubuthathaka kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko, amashishini oomatshini bokutya nokupakisha aseTshayina awakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngaphandle kwemali, kwaye awakwazi ukugaya imali mboleko. Ngenxa yezibonelelo zemali zelizwe ezinqongopheleyo, kunzima ukutyala imali eninzi ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu lwetekhnoloji. Ke ngoko, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamashishini imida kakhulu kwaye ayimi kwinqanaba lokuqala ixesha elide. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, imeko ayitshintshanga kakhulu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa imali yangaphandle ukuguqula amashishini okuqala.

5. Ukuphuhlisa amaqela amakhulu eenkampani ngenkuthalo

Amashishini okutya nokupakisha aseTshayina ikakhulu ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi, ukungabikho kwamandla obuchwephesha, ukungakwazi ukuziphuhlisa, kunzima ukufezekisa imveliso ebanzi yetekhnoloji, kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike ezitshintsha rhoqo. Ke ngoko, oomatshini bokutya nokupakisha baseTshayina kufuneka bathathe indlela yeqela lamashishini, baphule imida ethile, bahlele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaqela amashishini, amaziko ophando kunye neeyunivesithi, baqinise indibaniselwano namashishini, bangene kumaqela amashishini ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, kwaye babe liziko lophuhliso kunye nesiseko soqeqesho lwabasebenzi bamaqela amashishini. Ngokweempawu zoshishino, amasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo kufuneka athathe amanyathelo aguquguqukayo ukuxhasa uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamaqela amashishini kushishino.